How do the 5 steps of the ADDIE model lead? Applying it to lesson design from analysis to evaluation

When I receive an assignment to come up with a lesson plan in an educational technology class, the first framework I encounter is the ADDIE model. The name is familiar, but it's easy to get stuck when trying to write down what to make at each step. We will organize the five steps with a focus on output and look at actual application examples.

What kind of framework is the ADDIE model?

ADDIE is an acronym for Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation, and refers to the general procedures that various instructional design models follow rather than a specific scholar's theory. The branch viewed this as a problem-solving process and organized step-by-step activities and outputs.

The concept summary is ADDIE Instructional Design Model You can also see it on the wiki.

The reason this framework is widely used is because it is simple and flexible enough to be applied to any content and any type of education.

What do we do in the analysis and design stage?

In the analysis stage, we check the difference between the current level and the desired level through needs analysis, and analyze learner characteristics, tasks, and the learning environment. The output is the direction of the educational problem to be solved and the learning goal.

In the design stage, specific performance goals are written based on these, an evaluation tool is created first, and the order of content and teaching strategy are determined. The reason why evaluation tools are placed before development is to ensure that there is no discrepancy between goals and evaluation.

다 쓴 글은 소리 내어 읽어 보면 어색한 문장이 바로 걸리더라고요. 파일 이름에 날짜와 버전을 적어 두면 헷갈릴 일이 없는 것 같아요.

How are the development and execution stages different?

The development stage is the stage where the design is turned into actual data. We produce lesson plans, worksheets, videos, online content, etc., and revise them through formative evaluations that allow a small number of learners to write them in advance.

In the implementation stage, we run actual classes using the completed materials. It is best not to omit from the assignment that preparation outside of class is also included in this step, such as teacher training, equipment inspection, and schedule management.

Why isn't evaluation only at the end?

In ADDIE, evaluation is divided into two types. It is a formative evaluation that checks and revises the output at each stage, and a summative evaluation that determines goal achievement and effectiveness after execution.

Dick and Carey's systematic instructional design model also emphasizes a cyclical structure that continuously revises the previous stage through formative evaluation. Compared to the Tyler model, a common logic can be seen.

So, when drawing ADDIE, it is more accurate to draw arrows that lead back to all stages of evaluation rather than connecting five boxes in a row.

How to apply it in lesson design?

As an example, let's say we are designing library search training for college freshmen. In the analysis, we confirm that new students have little experience using academic databases, and in the design, we first create a performance goal and a practice evaluation sheet to find three papers using a combination of search terms.

In the development, we create practice guide materials and have a few people use them as a test, in the implementation, we run a lab class, and in the evaluation, we look at the assignment results and satisfaction and revise the materials for the next semester. If you write down the name of the product one line at each stage, the design becomes much more solid.

This article was summarized by the Campus Down editorial department after reviewing the original article and the introduction together. · Review 2026-10-26. Reference: Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Springer; Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2015). The systematic design of instruction (8th ed.). Pearson. Decide on a class you want to design and first write the name of the product to be created next to the five steps. The step with the empty name is the weakest link in the design.