BEAUTY UP · Skincare
How to Choose Sunscreen — How to Read SPF and PA Numbers
Campusdown Editor16 views
This article was translated from the Korean original. Read in Korean ›
At a glance
- SPF: mainly how well it blocks UVB (the UV rays that turn skin red)
- PA: how well it blocks UVA; the more '+' signs, the stronger the protection (up to PA++++)
- Choosing: a moderate rating for everyday commutes, a high rating for outdoor activities, the beach, or the mountains
- Applying: apply generously, and reapply after sweating or rubbing
Ever stood in front of the shelves at Olive Young (a Korean beauty store chain) and paused at words like 'SPF50+ PA++++', 'tone-up', or 'mineral sunscreen'? Once you know how to read the label, it becomes much easier to pick a sunscreen that fits your lifestyle. Let's go through what the numbers mean, step by step.
1. SPF and PA: what do they protect against?
UV rays are broadly divided into UVA and UVB. UVB is known as the type that makes your skin turn red and burn when you stay in the sun for a long time, and UVA is known as the type that gets through even on cloudy days or through windows and makes your skin look dull.
- SPF (Sun Protection Factor): a number showing how well a product blocks UVB. The higher the number, the stronger the protection.
- PA (Protection grade of UVA): the UVA protection grade. From PA+ to PA++++, the more '+' signs, the stronger the protection.
That's why you need to look at both. If a product has a high SPF but no PA rating, you'll need to check its UVA protection separately.
2. Choose like this, depending on the situation
| Situation | What to look for |
|---|---|
| Mostly commuting and indoor classes | A texture that's easy to apply and comfortable for daily use comes first |
| Days with lots of moving around campus or outdoor activities | A high-rated product + a texture that's easy to reapply (stick, cushion, etc.) |
| Class retreats (MT), festivals, the beach, hiking | High SPF and PA, a product that holds up against sweat and water |
A higher rating isn't automatically better. If a sunscreen feels so heavy that you don't want to wear it every day, you'll end up not using it — so the best sunscreen is 'one you can keep applying consistently.'
3. How do textures and types differ?
- Lotion and cream: moisturizing, so they work well for dry skin.
- Gel and fluid: light and fresh, so people with oily skin tend to prefer them.
- Stick and cushion: easy to reapply over makeup. However, one or two swipes may not give you enough product.
- Tone-up products: make your skin tone look brighter. Be careful, since it's easy to end up applying less.
The distinction between mineral (physical) and chemical sunscreens depends on the type of UV filters used. Rather than one being better than the other, choose based on how it feels and how well it suits your skin.
4. How much to apply and when to reapply
The protection rating on the label is based on applying a sufficient amount. If you spread just one thin layer over your whole face, you may be using less than you think. Applying in two layers makes it easier to cover evenly.
Apply before you go out, and reapply from time to time after sweating a lot, after wiping your face with a towel, or when you're outdoors for a long time. Each product is used differently, so be sure to check the directions on the back of the container as well.
Frequently asked questions
Q. Do I need sunscreen on cloudy days or in winter?
A. UV rays are present regardless of the season or weather. We recommend making it a habit as the last step of your morning routine every day.
Q. If I wear sunscreen, do I have to use a cleansing oil?
A. It depends on the product. Waterproof products often recommend a dedicated cleanser, so check the product's instructions.
Q. If I use a product with a high SPF, do I still need to reapply?
A. Yes. Sunscreen can come off with sweat or rubbing, so it's best to reapply regardless of the rating.
This article is general information on everyday skin care. It does not recommend any specific product and does not replace the diagnosis or treatment of skin conditions. If redness, itching, or pain persists, please consult a dermatologist.
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