— Overview
The material opens with a public stereotype: people with developmental disabilities are imagined as unpredictable, locked in their own world, unable to talk or learn, and better kept out of sight if they ever step out of line. It then turns to diagnosis. Intellectual disability is usually an IQ of about 70 or below on a standardized test given by a clinical psychologist, against an average of 100, but a test error of about five points means a score of 70 may fall between 65 and 75.
If adaptive skills are clearly limited, a score of 70–75 may still support a diagnosis; if adaptive skills are intact, a score below 70 may not. Causes named in the material include chromosomal differences such as Down syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome, metabolic disorders, brain injury, maternal infection, meningitis or encephalitis, pediatric AIDS, drugs, malnutrition, radiation, premature birth, and injury at birth.
Students have the same basic needs as their peers, but attention is often shorter, short-term memory is harder (long-term memory is described as similar), motivation falls after repeated failure, transfer is difficult, and language develops more slowly. Physical disability is treated separately as a lasting motor impairment of the trunk or limbs. The Enforcement Decree of the Welfare of Persons with Disabilities Act, Article 2(1) and Appendix 1, as the material then stated it, listed fifteen types: twelve physical and three mental.
The registration figures in the text — more than 210,000 registered, an academic estimate of 500,000 including those not registered, and families put above two million, or over 5 percent of South Korea — carry no year, so they are not a later official tally.
— Contents and key concepts
Stereotype, and what a diagnosis actually asks
The material opens with a public stereotype: people with developmental disabilities are imagined as unpredictable, locked in their own world, unable to talk or learn, and better kept out of sight if they ever step out of line. Intellectual disability is usually an IQ of about 70 or below on a standardized test, against an average of 100, but a test error of about five points means a score of 70 may fall between 65 and 75.
Adaptive skills decide the rest. If they are clearly limited, a score of 70–75 may still support a diagnosis; if they are intact, a score below 70 may not. Causes named in the material include chromosomal differences such as Down syndrome and Prader–Willi syndrome, metabolic disorders, brain injury, maternal infection, meningitis or encephalitis, pediatric AIDS, drugs, malnutrition, radiation, premature birth, and injury at birth.
Needs in class, and a then-current legal list
Students have the same basic physiological, social, and emotional needs as their peers, but attention is often shorter, short-term memory is harder (long-term memory is described as similar), motivation falls after repeated failure, transfer is difficult, and language develops more slowly. Physical disability is treated separately as a lasting motor impairment of the trunk or limbs from illness or injury.
The Enforcement Decree of the Welfare of Persons with Disabilities Act, Article 2(1) and Appendix 1, as the material then stated it, listed fifteen types: twelve physical and three mental. The registration figures in the text carry no year, so they are not a later official tally. The same Korean report, at fuller length, is on CampusDown.
Sources
- Public stereotype of developmental disability, as described in the material. Intellectual disability: IQ about 70 or below, ~5-point test error, adaptive skills required. Causes: Down syndrome, Prader–Willi, metabolic disorders, brain injury, maternal infection, meningitis/encephalitis, pediatric AIDS, drugs, malnutrition, radiation, premature birth, birth injury. Characteristics: attention, short-term memory, motivation, transfer, language. Physical disability as lasting motor impairment. Welfare of Persons with Disabilities Act Enforcement Decree Art. 2(1) Appendix 1, as then stated: 15 types (12 physical, 3 mental). Registration counts in the text have no year and are not a later official tally.
Last updated: 14 November 2026
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