— Overview
Anyone can run into emotional difficulty. Anxiety or low mood may be a fair response to a situation, or they may be exaggerated and out of step with what is happening. REBT and CBT look behind that pain to the person’s way of thinking and to the beliefs that shape it. In the 1950s Ellis criticized the limits of psychoanalysis and began to locate the cause of feeling in irrational beliefs. In 1962 he put the point simply: emotional trouble comes not from the event itself but from the belief about the event.
CBT was not Ellis’s work alone. Beck’s 1979 research is treated in the material as a foundation for CBT’s design and techniques, and a 2012 meta-analysis by Hofmann and colleagues is cited as evidence that the approach has had measurable effects across several disorders. Applications to adolescents are also dated. Luna and colleagues, in 2015, described a prefrontal cortex still maturing, with impulse control unfinished just as autonomy and peer ties widen.
Jung Sung-mi, in 2014, linked peer acceptance to emotional security and self-esteem. Bae Ji-seok, in 2022, wrote of externalizing and internalizing crisis responses. Ko Jeong-wan, in 2020, distinguished ADHD presentations in peer life, and Park Wan-ju, in 2015, reported REBT as a cognitive-restructuring approach used with adolescents with ADHD. King and colleagues, in 2024, are cited among the later references. Those papers stay in their years; they are not a later official prevalence tally.
— Contents and key concepts
Beliefs, not the event itself
Anyone can run into emotional difficulty. Anxiety or low mood may be a fair response, or they may be exaggerated and out of step with what is happening. REBT and CBT look behind that pain to the person’s way of thinking and to the beliefs that shape it.
In the 1950s Ellis criticized the limits of psychoanalysis and began to locate the cause of feeling in irrational beliefs. In 1962 he put the point simply: emotional trouble comes not from the event itself but from the belief about the event. CBT was not Ellis’s work alone. Beck’s 1979 research is treated in the material as a foundation for CBT’s design, and a 2012 meta-analysis by Hofmann and colleagues is cited as evidence that the approach has had measurable effects across several disorders.
Adolescent studies, kept in their years
Applications to adolescents are also dated. Luna and colleagues, in 2015, described a prefrontal cortex still maturing, with impulse control unfinished just as autonomy and peer ties widen. Jung Sung-mi, in 2014, linked peer acceptance to emotional security and self-esteem. Bae Ji-seok, in 2022, wrote of externalizing and internalizing crisis responses.
Ko Jeong-wan, in 2020, distinguished ADHD presentations in peer life, and Park Wan-ju, in 2015, reported REBT as a cognitive-restructuring approach used with adolescents with ADHD. King and colleagues, in 2024, are cited among the later references. Those papers stay in their years; they are not a later official prevalence tally. The same Korean report, at fuller length, is on CampusDown.
Sources
- Ellis, 1950s critique of psychoanalysis; 1962: emotion follows belief about the event, not the event itself. Beck, 1979, as a foundation for CBT design. Hofmann et al., 2012, meta-analysis of effects. Luna et al., 2015; Jung Sung-mi, 2014; Bae Ji-seok, 2022; Ko Jeong-wan, 2020; Park Wan-ju, 2015, REBT with adolescents with ADHD; King et al., 2024. Dated as those papers, not a later official prevalence tally.
Last updated: 14 November 2026
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